Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Npaj Ua ntawm Tsis-Isocyanate Polyurethanes
Txij li thaum lawv cov lus qhia hauv 1937, polyurethane (PU) cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam, pettrical, tshuab, kho mob, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab ua liaj ua teb Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li ua npuas ncauj ua npuas dej, cov qoob loo, cov tawv nqaij waterproof, cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov nplaum, paving cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom kho mob. Tsoos Puam feem ntau yog cov lus txhais tau los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua ortocyanates nrog macromolecular polyols thiab molecat me laxing extenders. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pom kev lom zem hauv Isocyanates ntawm Isocyanates tseem ceeb cov kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig; Ntxiv mus lawv feem ntau yog muab los ntawm phosgene-ib tug muaj kuab lom precursor-thiab coj cov khoom siv raw.
Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm cov kev kawm nthuav dav kev ua lag luam ntsuab thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav dav rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev pab ib puag ncig ntawm cov xov xwm tsis-isocyanethanes (nipu). Daim ntawv no qhia txoj kev npaj Nipu hauv ntau hom nipus thiab tham txog lawv cov kev cia siab tom ntej los muab cov lus qhia rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
1 synthesis ntawm tsis-isocyanate polyurethanes
Thawj cov hluavtaws ntawm cov roj av tsawg carbamate siv cov pob khaus hauv cov neeg txawv teb chaws ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov polyurethane synthesis synthesis. Tam sim no muaj muaj ob txoj kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim Nipu: thawj zaug cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj condinary thiab binary amines; Qhov thib ob los ua polycondensation cov kev cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg diurethane intermediates nrog cov diols uas pab txhawb kev sib pauv qauv hauv carbamates. Txoj kev ua tubrogboxylate tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cyclic carbonate lossis dimethyl carbonate (DMC) txoj kev; Fundamentally txhua txoj hauv kev tshwm sim ntawm carbonic acid pawg yielding carbamate ua haujlwm.
Cov ntu hauv qab no piav ntau ntxiv ntawm peb qhov kev sib tw sib txawv los synthesizing polyurethane yam tsis muaj kev siv ortocyanate.
1.1bnerinary collic carbonate txoj kev
Nipu tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm stepished nrog binary cary colbonate coupled nrog binary amine raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1.
Vim muaj pawg hydroxyl tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev rov ua cov chav sib txuas ua ke raws li nws cov qauv saw tseem ceeb no feem ntau yog cov lus qhia yog dab tsi yog lub cim polyurethane (Phu). Leitsch li Al. Lawv tshawb pom tias cov pab pawg hydroxyl hauv Phus tau yooj yim ua cov nitrogen sib xyaw nrog nitrogen / oxygen atoms uas nyob hauv cov muag / nyuaj ntu; Kev sib txawv ntawm cov mos mos ntu kuj tseem cuam tshuam hydrogen kev coj cwj pwm ntau li microphase sib cais degrees uas tom qab cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ua kev ua tau zoo.
Feem ntau ua hauv qab no ntau dua 100 ° Cerates tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm tsam zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organ reaction) ((DMF), thiab lwm yam .. ntxiv rau nyob rau txhua hnub Mus txog tsib hnub feem ntau tawm los qis dua cov khoom hnyav uas muaj zog los ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom zoo nkauj
1.2 monmonocylic carbonate txoj kev
Moncylic carbonate reacts kev sib txuam nrog cov dicarbification / Polycondens tshwj xeeb ua rau cov khoom siv Nipu ua haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab 2.
Feem ntau ua haujlwm tau cov khoom lag luam Monclene & Propylene cov kev sib tw ntawm cov kab mob cyclection ua ntej muaj ntau yam kev sib cav sib ceg Culminating muaj kev vam meej tsim cov khoom lag luam tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / cov khoom siv me nyuam nyob ib puag ncig ntawm 500 txog tus nqi elongation ze14476%. Wang li Al. encompining13k ~ 28k g / mol tensile zog compressual9 ~ 17 mpa elongations vianting35% ~ 235%.
Cyclocarbonic Esters koom haum tau yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov hloov pauv twj ywm kub kom tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnyav feem ntau ua rau kev ua kom sov siab ua haujlwm tsis surpassing200 °. Dhau li ntawm kev ua kom haum rau cov khoom siv DIOLOLOLY, ua rau Methanoly Based Street Strativing Kev Xaiv Kev Lag Luam Zoo li nthuav tawm cov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb mus rau pem hauv ntej.
1.3Dimethyl carbonate txoj kev
DMC sawv cev rau lub suab nrov / tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ua kom muaj kev sib txuam nrog methylas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm me me Me-saw-extender-diolics / loj-polyol cov txheej txheem ua ntej tshwm sim-tom qab cov qauv pom raws li daim duab
Shara Et.al Peev Xwm Thaum Ua Ntej Aforementioned Dynamics Leveragent HARDEFING LICASTS TIV-ch weightssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssុed PAN Dongdong Xaiv cov khub uas muaj tswv yim muaj DMC hexamethylene-dooinopolcate-diaminopolating0/5mpa elongation ratios mus kom ze1000% -1400%. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ib puag ncig cov kev sib txuam sib txawv yog ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo li cov khoom siv thiab cov lus qhia ua ke .Yaj kev tshawb fawb tau txais txiaj ntsig tau txais kev sib koom tes zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws Cov khib nyiab ntws tau tshwm sim xwb Methanol / Me-Molecule-Diolic effluents tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntsuab dua.
2 qhov muag muag sib txawv ntawm cov tsis yog-isocyanate polyurethane
2.1 polyether Polyurethane
Polyether Polyurethane (Puv Polyurethane (Peu) yog siv dav vim yog qhov chaw mos ntawm Etherion lub zog rov ua dua tshiab, yooj yim kev sib hloov qis thiab kub heev.
Kebir li al. synthesized polyether Polyethane nrog DMC, polyethylene glycol thiab belting point, tab sis lub zog me me (38 ℃), thiab lwm yam ntsuas tau nyuaj kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev siv. Zhao Jingbo Pab Pawg Tshawb Fawb Siv ethylene carbonate, 1, polyethylene glycoling plycolate ntawm 5 ~ 24mpa, thiab elongation ntawm 0.9% ~ 1 388%. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov synthesized series ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw qab polyurethanes yog 102 ~ 110 000, lub zog loj dua ntawm 200%
Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Zheng Lishun thiab LI cov chuncheng npaj cov qib nrab 1, 6-hexamethylenediar carrolate thiab polytetrahydrofuranols (mn = 2 000). Cov txheej txheem polyethurethanes (Nipeu) nrog cov kev sib tw tsis tau npaj, thiab cov teeb meem hla ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov tsoos polyethanthans (hdipu) npaj los ntawm nipeu los ntawm nipeuhlene diislocyanate tau muab piv, raws li qhia hauv Table 1.
| Khoom sim | Sib npaug ntu huab cua feem /% | Molecular hnyav / (g·Mol ^ (- 1)) | Molecular Nyhav Fetable Index | Lub zog tensile / MPA | Elongation ntawm tawg /% |
| Nipleu30 | 30 | 74000 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 1250 |
| Nipyuu40 | 40 | 66000 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 550 |
| Hdipu30 | 30 | 46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | 1440 |
| Hdipu40 | 40 | 54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Rooj 1
Cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub rooj 1 qhia tau tias cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm nipeu thiab hdipu yog vim yog qhov nyuaj ntu. Cov pab pawg Urea tsim los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm Nipeu yog cov khoom siv nyuaj ntawm cov hlua khau nyuaj, ua rau theem nyuaj, ua rau theem qis ntawm nipleu. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws cov yam ntxwv txhua yam yog qhov phem dua ntau dua HDIPU.
2.2 polyester polyurethane
Polyester Polyurethane (panu) nrog polyester diols raws li cov khoom muag uas muaj cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab siv tau los kho cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab siv tau cov khoom siv biomedical nrog kev thov kev pab zoo. Polyester diools feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw muag muag yog polybutylene luam tawm diol, polyglycol adiol adiol luam thiab Polycaprolactone Diol.
Ua ntej ntawd, Rokicki li al. Regoured ethylene carbonate nrog cov kabmob sib haum thiab sib txawv (1, 6-hexanediol, tab sis cov synthesized nipu muaj qis dua molecular hnyav thiab qis tg. Farhadian li al. prepared polycyclic carbonate using sunflower seed oil as raw material, then mixed with bio-based polyamines, coated on a plate, and cured at 90 ℃ for 24 h to obtain thermosetting polyester polyurethane film, which showed good thermal stability. Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Zhang LIQun los ntawm South Suav teb University of Technology Synchates, thiab tom qab ntawd condensed cov kab ntawm biobased dolasic acid kom tau biobased polyester polyurethane. Zhu Jin cov pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Ningbo Institute ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb d d d diamasic acid kom tau txais cov xim polyesurethanate, uas tuaj yeem siv ua xim tom qab ultraviolet kho [23]. Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Zheng Lishun thiab LI CHUNCHUHOL siv cov lus paj yeeb yaj kiab uas siv rau cov lej sib txawv los npaj cov ntawv sib piv hauv pawg ntoo; Ib pawg ntawm cov pawg tsis yog-isocyanate polyester polyurethane (pooking) atoms) Cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm petu yog qhia hauv rooj 2.
| Khoom sim | Lub zog tensile / MPA | Elastic modulusMpa | Elongation ntawm tawg /% |
| Petu4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | 673±35 |
| Petu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | 568±32 |
| Petu8 | 9.0±0.8 | 47±4 | 551±25 |
| Petu10 | 8.8±0.1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Rooj 2
Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias qhov muag muag ntawm Petu4 muaj lub siab carboryl ntom, cov ntu muaj zog tshaj plaws nrog cov theem nyuaj, thiab theem qis tshaj ntu degree. Lub crystallization ntawm ob ntu thiab nyuaj ntu, qhia qhov tsis tshua muaj zog thiab tensile lub zog, tab sis kev sib tw tshaj plaws ntawm kev so.
2.3 polycarbonate polyurethane
Polycarbonate polyurethane (pcu), muaj cov pcolhatic kuj, oxidation tiv taus, thiab muaj cov kev cia siab thov kev cia siab hauv thaj chaw biomedicine. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm npaj Nipu siv polyether polyols thiab polyester polyols li cov ntu muag muag, thiab muaj qee cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm polycarbonate polyurethane.
Qhov uas tsis-Isocyanate Polyurethanate npaj los ntawm Tian Hengshui pab pawg ntawm South Suav teb ntawm kev thev naus laus zis muaj ntau dua 50 000 g / mol. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov molecular hnyav ntawm cov polymer tau kawm, tab sis nws cov khoom siv neeg tsis tau tshaj tawm. Zheng Liuchun thiab Li Chuncheng Cov Pab Pawg Tshawb Xyuas Npaj PCU uas tau siv DMC, thiab muaj npe raws li qhov sib zog ntawm cov txheej txheem sib npaug. Cov khoom siv mechanies yog qhia hauv Table 3.
| Khoom sim | Lub zog tensile / MPA | Elastic modulusMpa | Elongation ntawm tawg /% |
| Pcu18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | 665±24 |
| Pcu33 | 19±1 | 107±9 | 656±33 |
| Pcu46 | 21±1 | 150±16 | 407±23 |
| Pcu57 | 22±2 | 210±17 | 262±27 |
| Pcu67 | 27±2 | 400±13 | 63±5 |
| Pcu82 | 29±1 | 518±34 | 26±5 |
Rooj 3
Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias PCU muaj qhov siab molecular hnyav, mus txog 6 × 104 ~ 9 × 104 ℃, thiab tensile lub zog txog li 29 MPA. Hom PCU no tuaj yeem siv tau los ua cov yas sib tsoo lossis ib qho kev cia siab, uas muaj cov ntawv thov zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm lossis cov ntaub ntawv thaiv kev thaiv).
2.4 hybrid tsis-isocyanate polyurethane
Hybrid tsis-Isocyanate Polyurethane (Hybrid Nipu) yog cov lus qhia ntawm pawg ua ke, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyurethane lossis muab cov polyurethane cov haujlwm sib txawv.
Feng Yuelan li al. Reacted Bio-based Epoxy SoyBean Roj nrog CS2 rau synthesize pentamonic cupbonate (epoxy resin Cov molecular chain muaj ntev ntev saws seg segment ntawm oleic acid / linoleic acid. Nws tseem muaj ntau ntu ntu nrawm dua, kom nws muaj kev muaj zog dua thiab muaj zog. Qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav kuj synthesized peb hom kev ua haujlwm nipu nrog cov neeg kho mob tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab tom qab ntawd pom kev kho tus kheej ntawm kev kho tus kheej ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov mos mos. Hybrid Nipu tsis tsuas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm Nipu General, tab sis kuj yuav muaj cov adhesion zoo dua, cov kuab tshuaj tsis kam thiab kho tshuab zog.
3 SAIB
Nipu tau npaj yam tsis muaj kev siv cov tshuaj lom isocyanate, thiab tam sim no tau kawm hauv daim ntawv ua npuas ncauj, elastomer thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam, thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv thov kev cia siab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lawv tseem muaj kev txwv rau kev kuaj nrhiav, thiab tsis muaj kev tsim khoom loj. Ib qho ntxiv, nrog kev txhim kho tib neeg cov qauv kev ua neej ntawm kev xav tau, xws li kev tshawb nrhiav tus kheej, nplaim taws retardant, siab kub tiv taus thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum ua li cas thiaj li ua txhaum ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab txuas ntxiv tshawb cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev npaj Nipu.
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