Kev taw qhia txog tus neeg sawv cev foaming rau polyurethane rigid foam siv hauv kev tsim kho teb
Nrog rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tsev niaj hnub no rau kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua. Ntawm lawv, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev, nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo, kev ua haujlwm thermal qis thiab lwm yam zoo, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kev rwb thaiv tsev.
Tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tawv. Raws li nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob pawg: tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj tshuaj thiab tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj lub cev.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg ua npuas ncauj
Ib tug tshuaj ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho additive uas tsim cov roj thiab ua npuas ncauj rau cov khoom polyurethane thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanates thiab polyols. Dej yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj, uas reacts nrog cov khoom isocyanate los tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide, yog li ua npuas ncauj rau cov khoom polyurethane. Cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj lub cev yog ib qho additive ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tawv, uas ua npuas ncauj cov khoom polyurethane los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj. Cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj lub cev feem ntau yog cov organic compounds uas tsis kub heev, xws li hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) lossis alkane (HC) compounds.
Cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawmtus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncaujpib thaum xyoo 1950s, DuPont lub tuam txhab siv trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) ua polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj, thiab tau txais kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, txij thaum ntawd los CFC-11 tau siv dav hauv kev ua npuas ncauj polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Raws li CFC-11 ua rau puas tsuaj rau txheej ozone, cov tebchaws sab hnub poob European tau tso tseg siv CFC-11 thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1994, thiab Tuam Tshoj kuj tau txwv tsis pub tsim thiab siv CFC-11 hauv xyoo 2007. Tom qab ntawd, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Europe tau txwv tsis pub siv CFC-11 hloov HCFC-141b hauv xyoo 2003 thiab 2004, raws li. Raws li kev paub txog ib puag ncig nce ntxiv, cov tebchaws tau pib tsim thiab siv lwm txoj hauv kev nrog lub peev xwm ua kom sov thoob ntiaj teb qis (GWP).
Cov tshuaj ua npuas dej Hfc-hom ib zaug yog cov hloov pauv rau CFC-11 thiab HCFC-141b, tab sis tus nqi GWP ntawm cov tshuaj HFC-hom tseem siab dua, uas tsis zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj ua npuas dej hauv kev tsim kho tau hloov mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev uas muaj GWP qis.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj
Ua ib hom khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal, lub zog zoo, kev nqus suab zoo, lub neej ntev thiab lwm yam.
Ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thermal. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj yog qhov ceev ceev ua npuas ncauj, sib npaug ua npuas ncauj, tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, tuaj yeem tau txais tus nqi ua npuas ncauj siab, yog li npaj cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ua haujlwm siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ua npuas dej tuaj yeem tsim cov pa phem, xws li carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide thiab nitrogen oxides, ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas dej lub cev yog tias nws tsis tsim cov pa phem, muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau ib puag ncig, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tau txais cov npuas me dua thiab kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ua npuas dej lub cev muaj qhov nrawm qeeb qeeb thiab xav tau qhov kub thiab av noo siab dua kom ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Ua ib hom khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal, lub zog zoo, kev nqus suab zoo, lub neej ntev thiab lwm yam.
Ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheempolyurethane ua npuas ncauj tawv, tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thermal. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj yog qhov ceev ceev ua npuas ncauj, sib npaug ua npuas ncauj, tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, tuaj yeem tau txais tus nqi ua npuas ncauj siab, yog li npaj cov ua npuas ncauj polyurethane ua haujlwm siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ua npuas dej tuaj yeem tsim cov pa phem, xws li carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide thiab nitrogen oxides, ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas dej lub cev yog tias nws tsis tsim cov pa phem, muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau ib puag ncig, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tau txais cov npuas me dua thiab kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ua npuas dej lub cev muaj qhov nrawm qeeb qeeb thiab xav tau qhov kub thiab av noo siab dua kom ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev loj hlob yav tom ntej
Cov qauv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho vaj tse yav tom ntej feem ntau yog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hloov pauv GWP qis. Piv txwv li, CO2, HFO, thiab lwm yam dej, uas muaj GWP qis, ODP xoom, thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo ib puag ncig, tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane ua npuas dej khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum cov thev naus laus zis rwb thaiv tsev txuas ntxiv txhim kho, cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej yuav txhim kho kev ua tau zoo dua, xws li kev ua tau zoo rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua, tus nqi ua npuas dej siab dua, thiab qhov loj me ntawm cov npuas dej me dua.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov tuam txhab tshuaj lom neeg organofluorine hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov tshuaj fluorine tshiab uas muaj cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj, suav nrog cov tshuaj fluorinated olefins (HFO) uas ua npuas ncauj, uas hu ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj tiam plaub thiab yog cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj uas muaj cov pa roj zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-21-2024