Polyurethane elastomers yog cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv polymer ua haujlwm siab. Nrog lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, lawv tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom siab, xws li aerospace, high-end tsheb, precision machinery, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho mob, vim lawv cov elasticity zoo, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab ua tau yooj yim. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, kev tsim ua haujlwm siab ntawm polyurethane elastomers tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lawv daim ntawv thov nqi. Hauv kev lag luam high-end kev lag luam, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tau dhau los ua nruj dua. Raws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab, kev tsim thiab kev siv ntawm polyurethane elastomers yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Daim ntawv thov ntawm polyurethane elastomers nyob rau hauv high-end manufacturing kuj ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, nrog rau cov nqi tswj, kev siv thiab kev ua lag luam txais. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo, polyurethane elastomers tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tob rau ntawm daim ntawv thov no, nws tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev txhim kho cov khoom tsim thiab nthuav cov ntawv thov.

 

High-kev ua tau zoo tsim ntawm polyurethane elastomers

 

Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm xav tau

Polyurethane elastomers yog chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer nrog kev ua tau zoo heev. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus: polyether thiab isocyanate. Kev xaiv thiab kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kawg. Polyether feem ntau yog lub ntsiab muag muag ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Nws cov qauv molecular muaj cov pab pawg polyol, uas tuaj yeem muab qhov zoo elasticity thiab yooj. Isocyanate, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ntu nyuaj, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog polyether los ua cov saw hlau polyurethane, txhim kho lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. Ntau hom polyethers thiab isocyanates muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane elastomers, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xaiv thiab faib cov khoom no raws li cov ntawv thov kom ua tiav cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo. Hais txog kev ua tau zoo, polyurethane elastomers yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb: hnav tsis kam, elasticity, tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab lwm yam. Hnav tsis kam yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sib txhuam thiab hnav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv nyob rau hauv high-wear ib puag ncig, xws li automotive suspension systems thiab industrial cov khoom, zoo hnav tsis kam yuav ho ncua lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom. Elasticity yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Nws txiav txim siab seb cov khoom puas tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub qub thaum lub sijhawm deformation thiab rov qab los. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab shock absorbers. Kev tiv thaiv kev laus yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tswj nws cov kev ua tau zoo tom qab siv mus ntev lossis raug rau qhov chaw hnyav (xws li ultraviolet rays, noo noo, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam), kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev siv tswv yim.

 

Tsim cov tswv yim txhim kho

Kev tsim qauv zoo ntawm polyurethane elastomers yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab muag heev uas yuav tsum tau xav txog ntau yam kev txhim kho cov tswv yim. Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov qauv molecular yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv. Los ntawm kev kho cov molecular saw qauv ntawm polyurethane, xws li nce qib ntawm crosslinking, cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Kev nce qib ntawm kev sib txuas sib txuas tso cai rau cov qauv sib txuas ruaj khov dua los tsim ntawm cov saw hlau molecular ntawm cov khoom, yog li txhim kho nws tag nrho lub zog thiab kav ntev. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev siv polyisocyanate reactants los yog qhia crosslinking agents, qhov degree ntawm crosslinking tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo. Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom sib piv kuj tseem ceeb. Qhov piv ntawm polyether thiab isocyanate ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau elasticity, hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau, nce qhov feem ntawm isocyanate tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom, tab sis tuaj yeem txo nws cov elasticity. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho qhov sib piv ntawm ob qho tib si raws li qhov kev thov tiag tiag kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov qauv molecular thiab cov khoom sib piv, kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv. Nanomaterials, xws li nano-silicon thiab nano-carbon, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Nanomaterials txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua kom lawv lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab kev laus ua haujlwm.

 

 

Txhim kho cov txheej txheem npaj

Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem npaj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Kev nce qib hauv cov thev naus laus zis polymer tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev npaj ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Niaj hnub nimno polymer synthesis txoj kev, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj molding (RIM) thiab high-pressure polymerization technology, muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau meej tswj thaum lub sij hawm synthesis txheej txheem, yog li optimizing lub molecular qauv thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom zoo thiab ua tiav cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab sib xws thaum lub sij hawm molding txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib xyaw polyether thiab isocyanate nyob rau hauv kev kub siab thiab txhaj rau hauv pwm. High-pressure polymerization thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntom thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txhim kho nws cov hnav tsis kam thiab kev laus tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization hauv siab. Kev txhim kho molding thiab kev siv tshuab kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyurethane elastomers. Cov txheej txheem kub xovxwm molding txheej txheem tau maj mam hloov los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding thiab extrusion molding technologies ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem tshiab no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev tsim khoom, tab sis kuj ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntau dua thaum lub sij hawm molding txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab tuaj yeem ua tiav cov molding ntawm cov duab nyuaj thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm cua sov cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane mus rau lub xeev molten thiab txhaj rau hauv pwm. Extrusion molding tshuab ua kom sov thiab yuam cov khoom siv polyurethane tawm ntawm extruder, tsim cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv los yog cov hlab los ntawm kev txias thiab khov. Nws yog haum rau loj-scale ntau lawm thiab customized ua.

 

Kev siv cov polyurethane elastomers hauv high-end manufacturing

 

Aerospace

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm aerospace, polyurethane elastomers yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tseem ceeb Cheebtsam, xws li cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab shock absorbers, vim hais tias lawv ua tau zoo heev. Kev lag luam aerospace muaj qhov xav tau heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas feem ntau suav nrog kev kub siab ua haujlwm, qaug zog tiv thaiv, tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, hnav tsis kam, thiab lwm yam. Coj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ua piv txwv. Nyob rau hauv cov roj system ntawm aerospace tsheb, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo sealing nyob rau hauv huab cua kub thiab siab tej yam kev mob. Cov roj hluav taws xob ntawm cov tsheb aerospace feem ntau raug rau qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab thiab corrosive media. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tiv taus kub kub, tab sis kuj rau tshuaj corrosion. Polyurethane elastomers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua haujlwm siab polyurethanes uas tau kho thaum kub kub, muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab tshaj 300 ° C. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov elasticity zoo heev ntawm polyurethane elastomers ua rau lawv ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv kev siv mus ntev. Piv txwv li, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj siv nyob rau hauv NASA lub chaw shuttles thiab chaw nres tsheb siv polyurethane elastomers, uas qhia tau zoo heev sealing kev ua tau zoo thiab durability nyob rau hauv huab ib puag ncig. Lwm qhov yog shock absorbers. Hauv aerospace, kev poob siab absorbers yog siv los txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv kev co thiab kev poob siab ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Polyurethane elastomers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov no. Lawv cov elasticity zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm nqus tau lub zog zoo ua rau lawv ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab txo kev vibration thiab poob siab, yog li tiv thaiv cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm aerospace.

 

 High-end automotive kev lag luam

Hauv kev lag luam high-end automotive, daim ntawv thov ntawm polyurethane elastomers tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tsheb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nplij siab. Vim nws txoj kev ua tau zoo heev, polyurethane elastomers tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb, nrog rau kev poob siab absorbing systems, seals, sab hauv qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub ncua kev kawm ntawv system, polyurethane elastomers zoo nqus cov kev cuam tshuam thiab kev co ntawm txoj kev thiab txo cov kev co ntawm lub tsheb lub cev los ntawm lawv zoo heev elasticity thiab poob siab absorbing zog. Cov elasticity zoo heev ntawm cov khoom no ua kom lub tsheb ncua kev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem teb tau sai nyob rau hauv kev tsav tsheb sib txawv thiab muab kev tsav tsheb zoo dua thiab zoo dua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-end khoom kim heev qauv, high-kev ua tau zoo poob siab absorbers siv polyurethane elastomers muaj peev xwm ho txhim kho lub caij kev nplij siab thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rau high-zoo tsav tsheb. Hauv high-end tsheb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub suab rwb thaiv tsev, rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab dej tsis zoo ntawm lub tsheb. Polyurethane elastomers yog dav siv hauv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau lub tsheb qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, cav compartments thiab undercarriages vim lawv zoo heev sealing thiab huab cua tsis kam. Cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb high-end siv polyurethane elastomers ua qhov rooj ntsaws ruaj ruaj los txhim kho lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsheb thiab txo qhov kev nkag ntawm cov suab nrov sab nraud.